🧠 Description

Port scanning is the process of probing target systems to discover open ports and services. It forms the foundation of network reconnaissance and helps identify potential attack vectors.

🛠️ Nmap Scanning

Basic Scans:

# TCP SYN scan (stealth)
nmap -sS target.com

# TCP connect scan
nmap -sT target.com

# UDP scan
nmap -sU target.com

# Quick scan top ports
nmap -F target.com

# Full port scan
nmap -p- target.com

Service Detection:

# Version detection
nmap -sV target.com

# Aggressive scan (OS, version, scripts, traceroute)
nmap -A target.com

# Scan with default scripts
nmap -sC target.com

# CVE detection
nmap --script vuln target.com

Timing & Evasion:

# Timing templates (T0-T5)
nmap -T4 target.com

# Slow scan (avoid detection)
nmap -T1 -p- target.com

# Source spoofing
nmap -S 10.0.0.1 target.com

# Fragmented packets
nmap -f target.com

# Decoy scan
nmap -D decoy1,decoy2 target.com

Output Formats:

# Normal output
nmap -oN scan.txt target.com

# XML output (for tools)
nmap -oX scan.xml target.com

# Grepable format
nmap -oG scan.gnmap target.com

# All formats
nmap -oA scan target.com

⚡ Masscan (Fast Scanning)

# Fast scan entire network
masscan -p1-65535 10.0.0.0/24 --rate=10000

# Scan specific ports
masscan -p22,80,443,445,3389 10.0.0.0/24

# With output
masscan -p1-10000 10.0.0.0/24 -oX scan.xml

# Exclude specific IPs
masscan -p1-1000 10.0.0.0/24 --excludefile no_scan.txt

📜 NSE Scripts

# Vulnerability scanning
nmap --script vuln target.com

# SMB enumeration
nmap --script smb-enum-shares,smb-enum-users target.com

# HTTP enumeration
nmap --script http-enum,http-title target.com

# SSL/TLS scanning
nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers target.com

# DNS zone transfer
nmap --script dns-zone-transfer -p53 target.com

# Brute force
nmap --script brute target.com
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